Project Britain
British Life and Culture
by Mandy Barrow
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- Glossary
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Timeline of the Kings and Queens of Britain
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The Stuarts Union of Scottish and English Crowns The Stuarts were the first kings of the United Kingdom. Scotland provided England with a new line of kings, the Stuarts. They were to bring disaster to the nation for, coming from Scotland where royal power had not been curbed by Parliament, they had no understanding of the more democratic ways that had developed in England.
James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. During his reign the Gunpowder Plot failed and the Pilgrim fathers set sail for America in the Mayflower.
King of England from 1603 and Scotland (as James VI) from 1567. When James became King of England, he was already a king - King James VI of Scotland. He was the first monarch to rule both countries and the first to call himself 'King of Great Britain'. However it was not until 1707 that an act of Parliament formally brought the two countries together. James had been King of Scotland for twenty-nine years when he acceded to the English throne. In 1605 the Gunpowder Plot was hatched: Guy Fawkes and his friends, Catholics, tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament, but were captured before they could do so.
James authorised the translation of the King James Bible. He also had Sir Walter Raleigh executed
Charles tried to rule without Parliament. In the Civil War between his party and Parliament, he was captured and was executed in 1649.
Charles was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Henry in 1612. King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1625, Fought against the Parliament leading to civil war. The English Civil War (1642 - 51) The war began in 1642 when, after seeing his rights as king slashed by Parliament, Charles miscalculated by swarming into the Palace of Westminster with several hundred soldiers to arrest five Members of Parliament and a peer he accused of treason. They all escaped, but London was scandalized and the king was forced to flee the city. The war between the Roundheads (supporters of parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King) began. The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with first the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659), under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector.
The Stuarts line Restored (The Restoration)
He was crowned King of Scotland in 1651. When Richard Cromwell lost the confidence of Parliament and abdicated, Charles returned to London in time for his thirtieth birthday and to rule Great Britain (Scotland, England and Wales). Charles saw London recover from the Plague (1665) and Great Fire (1666). Many new buildings were built at this time. St. Paul's Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren and also many churches still to be seen today.
James tried to make England a Roman Catholic country. He was not popular nd he soon lost his throne.
King of England and Scotland (as James VII) from 1685. James was 15 when his father was executed. He escaped to France in 1648, disguised as a girl. As his brother, Charles II, had no children James succeeded him. Whilst king, James tried to force people to follow his Roman Catholic faith. He was very unpopular because of his persecution of the Protestants, and he was hated by the people. He was forced to give up the crown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Parliament asked William of Orange, who was married to James' daughter Mary, to take the throne. She was a Protestant.
Mary, daughter of James II, was married to William of Orange. His aim was to save Holland (Netherlands) by defeating Louis XIV of France.
Mary, daughter of James II and her Dutch husband were invited to be King and Queen following James abdication. King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1688, the son of William II of Orange and Mary, daughter of Charles I. He was offered the English crown by the parliamentary opposition to James II. He invaded England in 1688 and in 1689 became joint sovereign with his wife, Mary II. Ann was the last of the Stewart monarchs. She was the sister of Mary.
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1702–14. Her nickname was Brandy Nan because of her alleged taste for fine French brandy. She was also known as Mrs Bull and Mrs Morely. All of her 18 children died. Anne, the last Stuart monarch, died at Kensington Palace in London aged 49. As none of her children survived her, under the terms of the Act of Succession of 1701 she was succeeded by George, Elector of Hanover, who was proclaimed as George I. He was the first of the Hanoverian monarchs. 1707 Act of Union between Scotland and England formed Great Britain. 1710 - St Paul's Cathderal, London, completed by Sir Christopher Wren 1711 - First race meeting held at Ascot
Tudors 1066 - 1154 The Normans 1154 - 1216 The Angevins (The first Plantagenet kings) 1216 - 1399 Plantagenets 1399 - 1461 The House of Lancaster 1461 - 1485 The House of York 1485 -1603 The Tudors 1603 - 1649 and 1660 - 1714 The Stuarts 1714 -1901 The House of Hanoverians 1901 -1910 and 1910 - Today Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and The Windsors
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© © Copyright Mandy Barrow 2013
Mandy is the creator of the Woodlands Resources section of the Woodlands Junior website.
The two websites projectbritain.com and primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk are the new homes for the Woodlands Resources.
Mandy left Woodlands in 2003 to work in Kent schools as an ICT Consulatant.
She now teaches computers at The Granville School and St. John's Primary School in Sevenoaks Kent.
Woodlands Junior Homework Help new website